• Identify, collect, analyze, and export logs (for example, Amazon CloudWatch Logs, CloudWatch Logs Insights, AWS CloudTrail logs)
• Collect metrics and logs using the CloudWatch agent
• Create CloudWatch alarms
• Create metric filters
• Create CloudWatch dashboards
• Configure notifications (for example, Amazon Simple Notification Service [Amazon SNS], Service Quotas, CloudWatch alarms, AWS Health events)

- Remediate issues based on monitoring and availability metrics

• Troubleshoot or take corrective actions based on notifications and alarms
• Configure Amazon EventBridge rules to trigger actions
• Use AWS Systems Manager Automation documents to take action based on AWS Config rules

• Create and maintain AWS Auto Scaling plans
• Implement caching
• Implement Amazon RDS replicas and Amazon Aurora Replicas
• Implement loosely coupled architectures
• Differentiate between horizontal scaling and vertical scaling

- Implement high availability and resilient environments

• Configure Elastic Load Balancer and Amazon Route 53 health checks
• Differentiate between the use of a single Availability Zone and Multi-AZ deployments (for example, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups, Elastic Load Balancing, Amazon FSx, Amazon RDS)
• Implement fault-tolerant workloads (for example, Amazon Elastic File System [Amazon EFS], Elastic IP addresses)
• Implement Route 53 routing policies (for example, failover, weighted, latency based)

- Implement backup and restore strategies

• Automate snapshots and backups based on use cases (for example, RDS snapshots, AWS Backup, RTO and RPO, Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager, retention policy)
• Restore databases (for example, point-in-time restore, promote read replica)
• Implement versioning and lifecycle rules
• Configure Amazon S3 Cross-Region Replication
• Execute disaster recovery procedures

• Implement cost allocation tags
• Identify and remediate underutilized or unused resources by using AWS services and tools (for example, Trusted Advisor, AWS Compute Optimizer, Cost Explorer)
• Configure AWS Budgets and billing alarms
• Assess resource usage patterns to qualify workloads for EC2 Spot Instances
• Identify opportunities to use managed services (for example, Amazon RDS, AWS Fargate, EFS)

- Implement performance optimization strategies

• Recommend compute resources based on performance metrics
• Monitor Amazon EBS metrics and modify configuration to increase performance efficiency
• Implement S3 performance features (for example, S3 Transfer Acceleration, multipart uploads)
• Monitor RDS metrics and modify the configuration to increase performance efficiency (for example, Performance Insights, RDS Proxy)
• Enable enhanced EC2 capabilities (for example, enhanced network adapter, instance store, placement groups)

• Implement IAM features (for example, password policies, MFA, roles, SAML, federated identity, resource policies, policy conditions)
• Troubleshoot and audit access issues by using AWS services (for example, CloudTrail, IAM Access Analyzer, IAM policy simulator)
• Validate service control policies and permissions boundaries
• Review AWS Trusted Advisor security checks
• Validate AWS Region and service selections based on compliance requirements
• Implement secure multi-account strategies (for example, AWS Control Tower, AWS Organizations)

- Implement data and infrastructure protection strategies

• Enforce a data classification scheme
• Create, manage, and protect encryption keys
• Implement encryption at rest (for example, AWS Key Management Service [AWS KMS])
• Implement encryption in transit (for example, AWS Certificate Manager, VPN)
• Securely store secrets by using AWS services (for example, AWS Secrets Manager, Systems Manager Parameter Store)
• Review reports or findings (for example, AWS Security Hub, Amazon GuardDuty, AWS Config, Amazon Inspector)

• Create and manage AMIs (for example, EC2 Image Builder)
• Create, manage, and troubleshoot AWS CloudFormation
• Provision resources across multiple AWS Regions and accounts (for example, AWS Resource Access Manager, CloudFormation StackSets, IAM cross-account roles)
• Select deployment scenarios and services (for example, blue/green, rolling, canary)
• Identify and remediate deployment issues (for example, service quotas, subnet sizing, CloudFormation and AWS OpsWorks errors, permissions)

- Automate manual or repeatable processes

• Use AWS services (for example, OpsWorks, Systems Manager, CloudFormation) to automate deployment processes
• Implement automated patch management
• Schedule automated tasks by using AWS services (for example, EventBridge, AWS Config)

• Configure a VPC (for example, subnets, route tables, network ACLs, security groups, NAT gateway, internet gateway)
• Configure private connectivity (for example, Systems Manager Session Manager, VPC endpoints, VPC peering, VPN)
• Configure AWS network protection services (for example, AWS WAF, AWS Shield)

- Configure domains, DNS services, and content delivery

• Configure Route 53 hosted zones and records
• Implement Route 53 routing policies (for example, geolocation, geoproximity)
• Configure DNS (for example, Route 53 Resolver)
• Configure Amazon CloudFront and S3 origin access identity (OAI)
• Configure S3 static website hosting

- Troubleshoot network connectivity issues

• Interpret VPC configurations (for example, subnets, route tables, network ACLs, security groups)
• Collect and interpret logs (for example, VPC Flow Logs, Elastic Load Balancer access logs, AWS WAF web ACL logs, CloudFront logs)
• Identify and remediate CloudFront caching issues
• Troubleshoot hybrid and private connectivity issues